peptidechats
Research information only. Not medical advice. 18+ only. Not FDA-approved for human therapeutic use.

Tirzepatide

Also known as: Mounjaro, Zepbound, LY3298176, twincretin, dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist

Dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist; first-in-class incretin mimetic

Ask about Tirzepatide in chat →

What it is

Tirzepatide is a first-in-class dual agonist at receptors for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (PMID 38388874; PMID 37070418). By simultaneously activating both incretin pathways, it improves glycemic control, reduces appetite and food intake, promotes weight loss, and exerts pleiotropic cardiometabolic effects (PMID 41923370; PMID 38994609). Population pharmacokinetic modeling shows tirzepatide follows a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination, a half-life of approximately 5 days, enabling once-weekly subcutaneous dosing. Mechanistic studies suggest tirzepatide increases fat oxidation and reduces calorie intake without meaningfully impacting metabolic adaptation in humans. Additional mechanisms under investigation include anti-inflammatory effects (reduction of hsCRP and IL-6), modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, improvement of islet cell function and insulin sensitivity, enhancement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improvement of lipid profiles.

Class: Dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist; first-in-class incretin mimetic

What it's studied for

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus — glycemic control Human RCT
    • In phase III SURPASS trials, once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide was superior to dulaglutide 0.75 mg, semaglutide 1 mg, and basal/prandial insulin for glycemic control and weight loss in adults with inadequately controlled T2DM. PMID 38388874 France NL, Syed YY. Tirzepatide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. Drugs. 2024.
    • Network meta-analysis of 28 RCTs (23,622 participants): tirzepatide 15 mg reduced HbA1c by mean difference -21.61 mmol/mol (-1.96%) vs placebo; all tirzepatide doses showed greater weight reduction than semaglutide doses. PMID 38613667 Karagiannis T et al. Subcutaneously administered tirzepatide vs semaglutide for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2024.
    • Post hoc of SURPASS-2: tirzepatide 5/10/15 mg led to greater increases in HOMA2-B (96.9–120.4%) and greater reductions in HOMA2-IR (15.5–24.0%) vs semaglutide 1 mg (84.0% and 5.1%, respectively) at 40 weeks. PMID 38252888 Frias JP et al. Tirzepatide Improved Markers of Islet Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With T2D (SURPASS-2). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024.
    • Post hoc analysis of SURPASS-AP-Combo and SURPASS-3 in Korean patients: LSM HbA1c reductions of 2.75%–3.25% and body weight reductions of 6.8%–10.9% across all tirzepatide doses at 40–52 weeks. PMID 40954943 Lee BW et al. Efficacy and safety in tirzepatide-treated Korean adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025.
    • Phase 3 RCT in youth (10–<18 years): pooled tirzepatide reduced HbA1c by mean 2.23% vs +0.05% with placebo (ETD -2.28%; p<0.0001) over 30 weeks; BMI reduced by 7.4% (5 mg) and 11.2% (10 mg) vs 0.4% placebo. PMID 40975112 Hannon TS et al. Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-PEDS). Lancet. 2025.
  • Obesity / overweight — weight management Human RCT
    • Phase 3 RCT in 1032 participants with obesity and prediabetes over 176 weeks: mean body weight change -12.3% (5 mg), -18.7% (10 mg), -19.7% (15 mg) vs -1.3% placebo (p<0.001 all). Progression to T2D: 1.3% tirzepatide vs 13.3% placebo (HR 0.07). PMID 39536238 Jastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention (SURMOUNT-1, 3-year). NEJM. 2025.
    • Phase 3b open-label RCT (751 participants without T2D): tirzepatide MTD achieved -20.2% vs semaglutide MTD -13.7% weight change at 72 weeks (p<0.001); tirzepatide superior for all weight-loss thresholds (≥10%, ≥15%, ≥20%, ≥25%). PMID 40353578 Aronne LJ et al. Tirzepatide As Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). NEJM. 2025.
    • Phase 3b RCT: continuing tirzepatide MTD achieved -21.9% body weight from baseline to week 112 vs -9.9% with placebo; reducing to 5 mg achieved -16.6% (all p<0.0001). PMID 42119587 Horn DB et al. Tirzepatide for maintenance of bodyweight reduction (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN). Lancet. 2026.
    • Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (4795 individuals): significant dose-dependent weight loss vs placebo — MD -8.07% (5 mg), -10.79% (10 mg), -11.83% (15 mg) in percent body weight; also significant BMI and waist circumference reductions. PMID 38850440 Qin W et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management: meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2024.
    • Phase 3 RCT in Japanese adults (n=225): estimated treatment differences vs placebo of -16.1% (10 mg) and -21.1% (15 mg) in body weight at 72 weeks; 94% (10 mg) and 96% (15 mg) achieved ≥5% weight reduction vs 20% placebo. PMID 40031941 Kadowaki T et al. SURMOUNT-J: tirzepatide in Japanese patients with obesity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025.
  • Diabetes prevention in obesity with prediabetes Human RCT
    • Over 176 weeks, 1.3% of tirzepatide-treated vs 13.3% of placebo participants with prediabetes progressed to T2D (HR 0.07, 95% CI 0.0–0.1; p<0.001). Effect was maintained at 17-week off-treatment assessment (2.4% vs 13.7%; HR 0.12). PMID 39536238 Jastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention (SURMOUNT-1). NEJM. 2025.
  • Cardiometabolic risk factor reduction (blood pressure, lipids, inflammatory markers) Human RCT
    • 7 RCTs: tirzepatide reduced systolic BP by -4.20 mmHg (5 mg), -5.34 mmHg (10 mg), -5.77 mmHg (15 mg); reduced total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides; increased HDL at all doses. PMID 37700437 Kanbay M et al. Effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids: meta-analysis of RCTs. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023.
    • Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs + 1 observational study: tirzepatide reduced hsCRP (MD -32.9%, 95% CI -33.6 to -32.2) and IL-6 (MD -17.8%, 95% CI -24.3 to -11.3) vs placebo across all doses studied. PMID 41032183 Masson W et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of tirzepatide: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2026.
    • Individual participant data meta-analysis of 7 phase 3 RCTs (7,805 participants with T2D): tirzepatide reduced odds of metabolic syndrome by 72% (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.24–0.33) and elevated BMI by 96% (OR 0.04) over median 41 weeks. PMID 40368575 Aminorroaya A et al. Effects of Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes: Individual Variation and Relationship to Cardiometabolic Outcomes. JACC. 2025.
  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Human observational
    • Cohort study emulating SUMMIT trial (11,257 tirzepatide vs sitagliptin): tirzepatide associated with HR 0.42 (95% CI 0.31–0.57) for composite of HF hospitalization or all-cause mortality vs sitagliptin. No meaningfully lower risk vs semaglutide (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70–1.06). PMID 40886075 Krüger N et al. Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JAMA. 2025.
  • Cardiovascular outcomes in overweight/obesity with ASCVD (without diabetes) Human observational
    • Retrospective cohort (10,625 per matched cohort): semaglutide was associated with significantly greater reductions in rMACE-3 (HR 0.71 vs tirzepatide; p=0.046) and rMACE-5 (HR 0.78; p=0.040) compared with tirzepatide in patients with ASCVD without diabetes. PMID 41491349 Wilson L et al. Semaglutide and tirzepatide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight or obesity (STEER). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with obesity Human observational
    • TriNetX propensity-matched cohort (21,150 per group): tirzepatide associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.443), MACE (HR 0.731), and major adverse kidney events (HR 0.427) vs lifestyle intervention in OSA + obesity. PMID 40254150 Wu JY et al. Clinical Impact of Tirzepatide on Patients With OSA and Obesity. Chest. 2025.
  • Renal outcomes — albuminuria reduction in type 2 diabetes Human RCT
    • 8 RCTs (9,533 participants): tirzepatide significantly reduced urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio vs controls (MD -26.9%; 95% CI -34.76 to -19.04; p<0.001); effect maintained across all doses 5/10/15 mg with dose-response relationship; neutral effect on eGFR. PMID 38116693 Karakasis P et al. Effect of tirzepatide on albuminuria and renal function in T2DM: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024.
  • Diabetic retinopathy — retinal outcomes Human observational
    • Retrospective cohort (102,590 per matched group): tirzepatide associated with decreased risk of DR (HR 0.79), DME (HR 0.82), VH/RD (HR 0.66), DR-related vision-saving interventions (HR 0.65), and NAION (HR 0.45) vs non-GIP GLP-1 RAs over 36 months. PMID 41655764 Hong AT et al. Ocular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes. Ophthalmology Retina. 2026.
    • Retrospective cohort (3,435 tirzepatide-exposed matched 1:1): tirzepatide significantly associated with new-onset PDR (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.24–3.74; p<0.01), especially in those with mild NPDR with maculopathy or moderate-to-severe NPDR. Also associated with reduced odds of new-onset retinopathy in those without baseline PMID 40637847 Buckley AJ et al. Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy with tirzepatide: real-world cohort study. Diabetologia. 2025.
  • Body composition changes (fat mass, lean mass, muscle) Human RCT
    • DXA substudy (n=160 of SURMOUNT-1): tirzepatide produced -21.3% body weight, -33.9% fat mass, -10.9% lean mass vs -5.3%, -8.2%, -2.6% placebo at 72 weeks; ~75% of weight lost was fat mass and ~25% lean mass for both groups. PMID 39996356 Look M et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in SURMOUNT-1. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025.
    • Post hoc MRI substudy (n=246): tirzepatide significantly reduced muscle fat infiltration (mean -0.36 pp, p<0.0001), muscle volume (-0.64 L, p<0.0001), and muscle volume Z score (-0.22, p<0.0001) at 52 weeks; reductions in muscle fat infiltration were greater than population-based estimates. PMID 40318682 Sattar N et al. Tirzepatide and muscle composition changes in T2D (SURPASS-3 MRI). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025.
  • Hidradenitis suppurativa Human observational
    • Open-label single-center study (n=20 adults): 80% (16/20) achieved HiSCR at week 24; improvements in DLQI, pain VAS, and PGA scores observed; treatment well tolerated. Single-center, modest sample size limitation. PMID 41329144 Acosta-Madiedo AS et al. Open-Label Proof of Concept Study of Tirzepatide for Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa. JDD. 2025.
  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) / hepatic steatosis Animal studies only
    • In diabetic mice: tirzepatide reduced body weight, improved insulin resistance, decreased serum and hepatic lipid levels, mitigated liver injury, and showed superior efficacy vs semaglutide in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation; modulated gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. PMID 39752752 Hu W et al. Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide alleviates hepatic steatosis and modulates gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in diabetic mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025.
  • Atherosclerosis — mechanistic/anti-atherosclerotic potential Mixed
    • Review: tirzepatide can reduce inflammatory changes in atherosclerosis; fundamental mechanism not completely clarified. Targeting obesity, T2D, and linked inflammation may reduce risk for atherosclerosis development/progression. PMID 40972917 Al-Kuraishy HM et al. The mechanistic role of tirzepatide in atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025.
    • SURMOUNT-1 post hoc (n=2,461 without ASCVD history): relative change in 10-year predicted ASCVD risk at week 72 was -23.5% to -16.4% with tirzepatide vs +12.7% with placebo (p<0.001). PMID 37932236 Hankosky ER et al. Tirzepatide reduces predicted risk of ASCVD in SURMOUNT-1 post hoc analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024.
  • Type 1 diabetes (off-label, overweight/obese patients) Human observational
    • Retrospective single-center study (n=62 T1D patients prescribed tirzepatide, followed 1 year): average 18.5% weight loss; HbA1c decreased by 0.67% at 1 year; improved CGM metrics; no hospitalizations for severe hypoglycemia or DKA. Off-label use; large prospective RCT recommended. PMID 38512447 Garg SK et al. Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Overweight and Obese Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024.
  • Parkinson's disease — neuroprotection Animal studies only
    • MPTP-induced PD mice: tirzepatide ameliorated loss of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in substantia nigra, improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and ATP content, reduced Drp1 expression, reversed mitophagy-related protein expression. No statistically significant difference from one-third dose vs semaglutide or levodopa. PMID 40886502 Tian R et al. GLP-1/GIP dual agonist tirzepatide alleviates mice model of Parkinson's disease by promoting mitochondrial homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025.
  • Post-sleeve gastrectomy weight recurrence Human observational
    • Retrospective cohort (n=45 tirzepatide, n=70 semaglutide post-SG): tirzepatide associated with 15.5% weight loss from baseline to 6 months vs 10.3% with semaglutide (p<0.02); no severe adverse events reported. PMID 38430320 Jamal M et al. Semaglutide and Tirzepatide for Management of Weight Recurrence After Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2024.

Community-reported dosing

RouteDoseFrequency / DurationPopulation / contextSource tier
subcutaneous injection5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg once weekly176 weekshumanResearch PMID 39536238
subcutaneous injectionMaximum tolerated dose (10 mg or 15 mg) once weekly72 weekshumanResearch PMID 40353578
subcutaneous injectionMaximum tolerated dose (10 mg or 15 mg) or reduced to 5 mg once weekly (weight maintenance phase)52-week weight maintenance period after 60-week open-label weight-loss period (112 weeks total)humanResearch PMID 42119587
subcutaneous injection (single-dose pen)5 mg or 10 mg once weekly30 weeks (double-blind) + 22 weeks open-label extensionhumanResearch PMID 40975112
subcutaneous injection10 mg or 15 mg once weekly72 weekshumanResearch PMID 40031941
subcutaneous injectionTitrated to maximum tolerated dose once weekly24 weeks (+ 8-week washout)humanResearch PMID 41329144
subcutaneous injectionMean 5.6 ± 1.9 mg at 3 months; 9.7 ± 3.3 mg at 1 year (once weekly)1 yearhumanResearch PMID 38512447
subcutaneous injection5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg once weekly52 weekshumanResearch PMID 40318682
subcutaneous injection5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg once weeklyRange across 8 RCTshumanResearch PMID 38116693
Not explicitly stated (animal model)Not explicitly stated in abstract (tirzepatide used in diabetic mouse model)Not explicitly statedanimalResearch PMID 39752752
Not explicitly stated (animal model)Not explicitly stated; one-third dose comparison to semaglutide and levodopa mentionedSubacute modelanimalResearch PMID 40886502
Not explicitly statedNot explicitly stated for clinical trial arm (phase 1 trial NCT04081337)Not explicitly statedhumanResearch PMID 40203836
subcutaneous injection2.5 mgonce weeklyAdults beginning tirzepatide for weight loss or metabolic health, including both prescription users and gray-market compounded users[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection5 mgonce weeklyAdults who have completed 4 weeks at 2.5 mg with acceptable GI tolerance[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection7.5 mgonce weeklyAdults escalating through the standard titration schedule; frequently a maintenance dose for moderate weight loss[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection10 mgonce weeklyAdults seeking aggressive weight loss who have tolerated lower doses; common among higher-BMI users[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection12.5 mgonce weeklyAdults pursuing maximal weight loss who have tolerated 10 mg; typically higher-body-weight individuals[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection15 mgonce weeklyAdults seeking maximum pharmacological effect for severe obesity or metabolic disease; biohackers chasing maximum weight loss[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection2.5 mgonce weeklyUsers who have achieved goal weight and are using minimal dose to maintain; 'microdosers' in the biohacker community[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection5 mgonce weeklyUsers who have reached goal weight and are dose-reducing to the lowest effective maintenance dose[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection2.5 mgonce every 2 weeksCost-conscious users; users managing supply shortages; biohackers experimenting with minimal-effective-dose frequency reduction[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection5 mgonce every 2 weeksUsers stepping down frequency rather than dose; cost-conscious compounded tirzepatide users[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data
subcutaneous injection2.5 mgonce weeklyUsers restarting tirzepatide after a drug holiday or extended pause[S] Claude Sonnet 4.6 — synthesized from aggregate training data

Tier key: Research = PMID-cited study · [C] = scraped community source · [S] = model-synthesized from aggregate community reports (softer evidence). How we source.

References

  1. [1] PMID 38388874 — In phase III SURPASS trials, once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide was superior to dulaglutide 0.75 mg, semaglutide 1 mg, and basal/prandial insulin for glycemic
  2. [2] PMID 38613667 — Network meta-analysis of 28 RCTs (23,622 participants): tirzepatide 15 mg reduced HbA1c by mean difference -21.61 mmol/mol (-1.96%) vs placebo; all tirzepatide
  3. [3] PMID 38252888 — Post hoc of SURPASS-2: tirzepatide 5/10/15 mg led to greater increases in HOMA2-B (96.9–120.4%) and greater reductions in HOMA2-IR (15.5–24.0%) vs semaglutide 1
  4. [4] PMID 40954943 — Post hoc analysis of SURPASS-AP-Combo and SURPASS-3 in Korean patients: LSM HbA1c reductions of 2.75%–3.25% and body weight reductions of 6.8%–10.9% across all
  5. [5] PMID 40975112 — Phase 3 RCT in youth (10–<18 years): pooled tirzepatide reduced HbA1c by mean 2.23% vs +0.05% with placebo (ETD -2.28%; p<0.0001) over 30 weeks; BMI reduced by
  6. [6] PMID 39536238 — Phase 3 RCT in 1032 participants with obesity and prediabetes over 176 weeks: mean body weight change -12.3% (5 mg), -18.7% (10 mg), -19.7% (15 mg) vs -1.3% pla
  7. [7] PMID 40353578 — Phase 3b open-label RCT (751 participants without T2D): tirzepatide MTD achieved -20.2% vs semaglutide MTD -13.7% weight change at 72 weeks (p<0.001); tirzepati
  8. [8] PMID 42119587 — Phase 3b RCT: continuing tirzepatide MTD achieved -21.9% body weight from baseline to week 112 vs -9.9% with placebo; reducing to 5 mg achieved -16.6% (all p<0.
  9. [9] PMID 38850440 — Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (4795 individuals): significant dose-dependent weight loss vs placebo — MD -8.07% (5 mg), -10.79% (10 mg), -11.83% (15 mg) in percent bo
  10. [10] PMID 40031941 — Phase 3 RCT in Japanese adults (n=225): estimated treatment differences vs placebo of -16.1% (10 mg) and -21.1% (15 mg) in body weight at 72 weeks; 94% (10 mg)
  11. [11] PMID 37700437 — 7 RCTs: tirzepatide reduced systolic BP by -4.20 mmHg (5 mg), -5.34 mmHg (10 mg), -5.77 mmHg (15 mg); reduced total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides; increased H
  12. [12] PMID 41032183 — Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs + 1 observational study: tirzepatide reduced hsCRP (MD -32.9%, 95% CI -33.6 to -32.2) and IL-6 (MD -17.8%, 95% CI -24.3 to -11.3) vs pla
  13. [13] PMID 40368575 — Individual participant data meta-analysis of 7 phase 3 RCTs (7,805 participants with T2D): tirzepatide reduced odds of metabolic syndrome by 72% (OR 0.28, 95% C
  14. [14] PMID 40886075 — Cohort study emulating SUMMIT trial (11,257 tirzepatide vs sitagliptin): tirzepatide associated with HR 0.42 (95% CI 0.31–0.57) for composite of HF hospitalizat
  15. [15] PMID 41491349 — Retrospective cohort (10,625 per matched cohort): semaglutide was associated with significantly greater reductions in rMACE-3 (HR 0.71 vs tirzepatide; p=0.046)
  16. [16] PMID 40254150 — TriNetX propensity-matched cohort (21,150 per group): tirzepatide associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.443), MACE (HR 0.731), and major adverse kidne
  17. [17] PMID 38116693 — 8 RCTs (9,533 participants): tirzepatide significantly reduced urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio vs controls (MD -26.9%; 95% CI -34.76 to -19.04; p<0.001); effe
  18. [18] PMID 41655764 — Retrospective cohort (102,590 per matched group): tirzepatide associated with decreased risk of DR (HR 0.79), DME (HR 0.82), VH/RD (HR 0.66), DR-related vision-
  19. [19] PMID 40637847 — Retrospective cohort (3,435 tirzepatide-exposed matched 1:1): tirzepatide significantly associated with new-onset PDR (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.24–3.74; p<0.01), espec
  20. [20] PMID 39996356 — DXA substudy (n=160 of SURMOUNT-1): tirzepatide produced -21.3% body weight, -33.9% fat mass, -10.9% lean mass vs -5.3%, -8.2%, -2.6% placebo at 72 weeks; ~75%
  21. [21] PMID 40318682 — Post hoc MRI substudy (n=246): tirzepatide significantly reduced muscle fat infiltration (mean -0.36 pp, p<0.0001), muscle volume (-0.64 L, p<0.0001), and muscl
  22. [22] PMID 41329144 — Open-label single-center study (n=20 adults): 80% (16/20) achieved HiSCR at week 24; improvements in DLQI, pain VAS, and PGA scores observed; treatment well tol
  23. [23] PMID 39752752 — In diabetic mice: tirzepatide reduced body weight, improved insulin resistance, decreased serum and hepatic lipid levels, mitigated liver injury, and showed sup
  24. [24] PMID 40972917 — Review: tirzepatide can reduce inflammatory changes in atherosclerosis; fundamental mechanism not completely clarified. Targeting obesity, T2D, and linked infla
  25. [25] PMID 37932236 — SURMOUNT-1 post hoc (n=2,461 without ASCVD history): relative change in 10-year predicted ASCVD risk at week 72 was -23.5% to -16.4% with tirzepatide vs +12.7%
  26. [26] PMID 38512447 — Retrospective single-center study (n=62 T1D patients prescribed tirzepatide, followed 1 year): average 18.5% weight loss; HbA1c decreased by 0.67% at 1 year; im
  27. [27] PMID 40886502 — MPTP-induced PD mice: tirzepatide ameliorated loss of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in substantia nigra, improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and ATP content, r
  28. [28] PMID 38430320 — Retrospective cohort (n=45 tirzepatide, n=70 semaglutide post-SG): tirzepatide associated with 15.5% weight loss from baseline to 6 months vs 10.3% with semaglu
  29. [29] PMID 40203836 — Not explicitly stated for clinical trial arm (phase 1 trial NCT04081337) Not explicitly stated (human)
  30. [30] PMID 37070418 — in-prose reference
  31. [31] PMID 41923370 — in-prose reference
  32. [32] PMID 38994609 — in-prose reference
  33. [33] PMID 38356317 — in-prose reference
  34. [34] PMID 41465455 — in-prose reference
Dial in your dose in chat →

Related peptides

5-Amino-1MQSmall molecule NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; quinolinium compoundThymosin Alpha-1Endogenous thymic peptide hormone / immunomodulatory polypeptide (28 amino acids)Amycretin (Zenagamtide)Unimolecular GLP-1 receptor and amylin receptor (AMYR) / calcitonin receptor (CTR) co-agon…